Experts say Egypt is the crystal ball in which the Arab world sees its future. Now that Mubarak has stepped down, I can share the work I've done making that metaphor tangible, and visualizing the pro-democracy movement in Egypt and across the Middle East. It is based on their Twitter activity, capturing the freedom of expression and association that is possible in that medium, and which is representative of a new collective consciousness taking form.
Picture
The map is arranged to place individuals near the individuals they influence, and factions near the factions they influence. The color is based on the language they tweet in -- a choice that itself can be meaningful, and clearly separates different strata of society.
Many fascinating structures can be seen. Wael Ghonim, a pivotal figure in this self-organzing system who instigated the initial protests on January 25th, is prominently located near the bottom of the network, straddling two factions as well as two languages. The size of his node reflects his influence on the entire network. 
The lump on the left is dominated by journalists, NGO and foreign policy types; it seems nearly gafted on, and goes through an intermediary buffer layer before making contact with the true Egyptian activists on the ground. However, this process of translation and aggregation is key; it is how those in Egypt are finally getting a voice in Western society, and an insurance policy against regime violence. Many of the prominent nodes in this network were at some point arrested, but their deep connectivity help ensure they were not "dissapeared".
Most of those in this network speak both English and Arabic, and their choice of language says a lot about both the movement and about Twitter. Some may choose to primarily communicate with their friends, while others make an effort to be visible to the rest of the world on purpose. They want to reach out, and connect with, the rest of the global society. The structure on the bottom, near Ghonim, seems entirely composed of this free intermingling. 
In a case of ironic symbolism, the far left-most satellites are the Whitehouse, State Department, and Wael Ghonim's employeer, Eric Schmidt, who is merely a speck on the map. And that's probably how everyone in the rest of the network would like this future to look. 
Follow me @kovasboguta
********* UPDATE ********
@muziejus points out that I didn't elaborate much on the first paragraph. For me, the point is that the activists are cooperating with the west, on their own terms and in a constructive way. Activists are not embarrassed to be tweeting in English, in fact that is a key element and what allows this much bigger exoskeleton to tightly interface to the core. This is in contrast to what happened in Iran 2009 (see the panel "Disruptive Events Lead to Information Elites"), where the connections between those in Iran and the rest of the world were very thin and easily severed.
 
 


Comments

02/11/2011 16:27

It is very interesting. I have two questions:

1. Based on which criteria were these twitter accounts selected? (anyone connected to someone located in Egypt?)

2. Who are the people in the downmost red-blue lump?

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02/11/2011 16:57

I can answer your second question -- I looked at the Twitter accounts of that lower red-blue group. They are all entrepreneurs or software industry people, most of them with straddling the Arab world and the West.

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02/11/2011 17:42

Kovai, I'm sympathetic to discussions about collective consciousness taking form, especially after watching countless hours of al Jazeera coverage where the anchors breathlessly asked every pundit or correspondent they brought in about when a "leader" would "emerge" from the collective in Tahrir Sq.

But what I don't fully see is how your visualization shows that. Is the point that the largest node is still not so terribly large? Is it that the network can sustain the removal of the largest node? Or is there more to it?

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02/11/2011 23:17

Impressive work...

Same question as Martin, which criteria did you use to select the base subset of twitter accounts?

Did you use standard software or did you program something on your own to generate this?

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02/12/2011 01:40

This is incredible work. I was an early and frequent poster on Egypt- especially in Silicon Valley. One of the first to tell everyone to follow @Ghonim.

I'd love to see how I connected with everyone. I'm @shervin.

Thank you!

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02/12/2011 03:40

Thanks Kovas,

What are the criteria for determining the size of the nodes? (Number of retweeets? Number of mentions? Number of followers? Some combination between these?)

Thanks again, great work!

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Pete C
02/12/2011 04:41

So much clearer! Now I can see the degrees of separation of the people I was following rather obsessively yesterday. Twitter should acquire you and produce live infographics on trending topics. ;) Please post higher quality version – I would like to read some of the smaller handles. You could use zoomify with a huge image.

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Pete C
02/12/2011 04:57

I totally missed the PDF, nice

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02/12/2011 05:49

This is beautiful, thank you for creating and posting it. The language aspect of is interesting. I found it beneficial that Twitter can translate, if you want it to. (unfortunately I don't speak Arabic)

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02/12/2011 07:15

Thank you.

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02/12/2011 08:28

Kovas, super-great work on this. Curious to know whether you will be publishing the code- save this, could u discuss a bit the relative weight you gave to mentions/ RTs/ etc in establishing the influence graph.

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02/12/2011 13:38

awesome, but I can't find my name :(

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02/12/2011 14:20

Like others, I'd love to know the criteria, methodology etc. Important and interesting work.

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02/12/2011 17:02

This is great work, I would like also to know the criteria and the methodology used. My name is there separated from Ghonim by 2 nodes. Actually, I don't feel like I do such an effect and I was amazed that my bubble is relatively big. can you give me insights please?

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beaulabelle
02/13/2011 03:04

yes - how do you define "influence"?

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medhat
02/13/2011 11:59

Ana Feeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeen

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02/13/2011 12:12

I'm so happy I found this great work. Learned alot and will keep this PDF as a historical document for our two revolutions Tounis and Masr.

Can you publish, email, donate, offer, or use the source code for the tunisian revolution.
GREAT WORK

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02/13/2011 13:35

Strangely gone from the thread of comments yesterday was an observation on the potential lethal uses of this chart. Vanderleun said:

Chart junk that assumes twitter users represent actual power nodes within the Egyptian population. It would be more interesting to track possession of weapons in the society than possession of twitter accounts.

The primary use of this chart, should evil men choose to find and record it, would be to be able to target people too likely to tweet for freedom for early elimination.

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kovas
02/13/2011 14:47

gglidferr, this criticism is incoherent. Which is it? Chart junk? Or a dangerous tool? Chart junk by definition is useless. And if these people are so powerless, why would they be targeted?

A full chart of the whole power structure would indeed be more interesting; if you have the ability to create that, it would be a bigger contribution than lashing out here.

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ggildferr
02/13/2011 16:23

The idea is that something must be one thing or another is very oversold. Quite obviously something may be junk and at the same time be dangerous. Is that not so?

The fact remains that what you have made and promulgated here is a list of dissidents. A very handy list of dissidents for good or for evil.

The Muslim Brotherhood is, everywhere it takes root, an organization whose effects and policies lead to evil ends and death. Like all totalitarian organizations they have an inordinate fondness for lists.

As I am sure you, more than most, must be aware data is neither good nor bad in and of itself. It depends on the uses to which data is put and data may be put to multiple uses.

I trust this simple explanation has made the criticism more coherent to you. I sincerely hope that you don't come to know the graves this chart may someday make possible.

But should that happen you can take comfort in knowing that you really didn't have a direct hand in making them a reality, you simply supplied the data.

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02/14/2011 01:49

This is a great work Kovas. I'm grateful that you captured this moment in history and the interaction and influence Twitter may have had on netizens.

I'd also like to ask about your definition of 'influence'. I know many of the Twitter users you have included and my assumption is that users that they must primarily follow each other, and also regularly interact by replies, mentions or retweet.

I'm working on a screen cast on my observations on your data viz map. Would love to hear from you first before I finish it and publish it online.

Thanks again!

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Janet
02/14/2011 19:17

I'm I am impressed by the chart, but interested in the comment by ggildferr, which actually quoted another comment by Vanderleun, which has disappeared. It was Vanderleun who talked about chart junk and was slightly incoherent. ggildferr wondered where the comment had gone, and supported the suggestion, or fear, that the chart might be misused by those who suppress dissidence and activism. The comments seem valid to me, though the chart is fascinating.
Is no one else wondering a) why Vanderleun's comment has disappeared, or b) if security agents are possibly busy making a list?
I agree with Vanderleun and ggildferr that what for some is a fascinating piece of analysis made perhaps with a scientific interest ("junk" in the sense that it exists in its own right) could be seen by others as a useful tool for suppression, "lethal" to those people who are represented in the chart.
I hope very much that they are well-protected. I appreciate this forum for its considered, polite, well-written and constructive comments.

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happyfan
02/15/2011 05:25

I'm from China.I'm interested in the method you made this chart. Can you opensoure it?

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02/15/2011 09:30

Great work Kovas!

Opensourcing the code would be awesome!

Regarding ggildferr, political wise, this is just the most pathetic comment I ever witnessed. I hate the MBs, but they are not totalitarian, at least most of them (the non-heads).

Regarding lethal means, evil. Really, WTF, twitter is one of the most open tools ever created, and if they are powerful on twitter, they are known in the media, their mere exposure protects them if they are detained. What you, Kovas, is doing here, is displaying influence and relations, more than "exposing" those who are already "exposed" to the Egyptian public twitterosphere.

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Jessica
02/15/2011 09:37

Wonderful visual. How do we go about publishing it to the masses?

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02/15/2011 12:19

Thank-you for this. Would love to see the same done for Tunisia too, and maybe with another level of detail. It's so interesting and enlightening to see the visual representation! Looking forward to more.

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aaboy
02/17/2011 13:55

Just amazing!

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Omar Sarhan
02/19/2011 19:27

Can you please explain how you made this?

Without an explanation it is a work of art, portraying a very important battle. A bit like an artist painting the Storming of The Bastille.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Anonymous_-_Prise_de_la_Bastille.jpg

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dwall
02/19/2011 21:34

1. The MB had control of this protest from the start and punked Google, Ghomin, soros and Huffpro, unless they helped the MB knowingly.

2. MB is violent, ask Sadat.

3. Wish we had a chart like this for The protest in Wisconsin.

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02/20/2011 23:35

Merry Christmas, and God bless all of you, all of you on the good Earth.

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02/22/2011 07:22

Which software was used to create this chart?
I noticed that Vincent Van Quickenborne, the Belgian minister for ICT and telecommunication, was interested in creating a Belgian version of this chart.
http://www.vincentvanquickenborne.be/blog/2011/02/internet-netwerk-in-egypte/

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Gerhard
02/22/2011 19:46

It is -also - art.

You should sent it to http://iamtahrir.com/

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goalmeth
03/03/2011 18:57

Guilders or should I say islamophob, just one point: data ARE and datum IS

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Bruce
03/06/2011 09:02

Not seeing a response for the requests for the code. Any chance you can put this on github?

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03/09/2011 09:37

Great! This might make sense to a culture where the majority of the population is tech savvy. what will the West do with the other 80% of the Arab Mind!! How arrogant or ignorant! Sorry, this is the kind of thinking that only proves how out of touch the West remains with real solutions. Go visit a typical Arab village or slum where people haven't even developed abstract thinking leave alone having the ability to read. Time to work on real solutions

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Josie
03/18/2011 20:53

I would like to echo the concerns about this being potentially lethal to those within the map. Please do not release the code, as it could be used against similar organizers in Bahrain, Libya, and other countries. Yes the data is all publicly available, but the MINING of that data is the hard work that you have done.

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03/25/2011 21:14

The article is worth reading, I like it very much. I will keep your new articles.

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06/07/2011 11:45

At what point in time was the data frozen?

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02/21/2012 22:51

Excellent site, keep up the good work my colleagues would love this. I read a lot of blogs on a daily basis and for the most part, people lack substance but, I just wanted to make a quick comment  to say I’m glad I found your blog. Thanks.

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